Blog
Plain-English articles on genetics, inheritance and the ideas behind our calculators.
- Updated Dihybrid cross explained simply (with a worked example)
What a dihybrid cross is, why AaBb × AaBb gives a 9:3:3:1 ratio, and how to work one out step by step, explained in plain English.
- Updated Homozygous vs heterozygous: Definitions and examples
Homozygous means two identical alleles for a gene (AA or aa); heterozygous means two different alleles (Aa). Examples, gamete output and how each behaves in crosses.
- Updated How to make a dihybrid Punnett square, step by step
A step-by-step method for building a 4×4 dihybrid Punnett square: find gametes with FOIL, fill the grid and turn the boxes into genotype and phenotype ratios.
- Updated Genotype vs phenotype: What’s the difference?
Genotype is the alleles an organism carries; phenotype is the traits you can observe. Examples, a comparison table, and why the two don’t always match one-to-one.
- Updated Monohybrid vs dihybrid cross: Key differences
Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses compared: number of genes, gametes, Punnett square size, typical ratios (3:1 vs 9:3:3:1) and the Mendel law each one demonstrates.